WSURF Case 884
Cellulose Polymer Nanocomposites
Summary
One of the problems in making cellulose nanocomposites is the difficulty in dispersing the nanofibers into the polymer matrix. To solve poor dispersion, researchers have attempted mechanical and chemical treatments such as the use of shear or surfactants. The technology developed at WSU achieves even dispersion of nanofibers.
Instead of first making the nanofibers (for instance by hydrolysis of tunicin or plant cellulose) and then trying to disperse it in a polymer matrix, the cellulose nanofibers are directly synthesized in the matrix. Bacteria are used to synthesize the cellulose chains into a polymer-rich medium. The resulting cellulose/ polymer compound is therefore a good mix/dispersion of the two components.
In addition to improving the dispersion of the cellulose into the matrix, this in situ bioproduction of nanocomposites allows a control of the size and crystallinity and morphology of the cellulose fibers. Bacterial cellulose is an excellent reinforcement material for nanocomposites due to its high purity, high crystallinity, biodegradability, water holding capacity, and excellent biological affinity.
Future Applications
Due to its biocompatibility, bacterial cellulose is of considerable use in materials for biomedical applications. The unique nanostructure of cellulose makes it functional in many applications, with high mechanical strength and desirable physical properties in both wet and dry states.
Product applications include temporary artificial skin for wound healing, artificial blood vessels for microsurgery, dialysis membranes, and biocompatible coatings. Cellulose composites may also be used in non-medical applications including nonwoven paper and fabric products, stereo headphones, ion-exchange membranes, and in food properties enhancement.
These materials are biodegradable, of potential use in packaging and disposable products.
IP Status
This technology is patent-pending and available for licensing.
